Run capacitors
Run capacitors are designed for continuous duty, and they are energized the entire time the motor is running.[1] Run capacitors are rated in a range of 3–70 microfarads (µF), with voltage classifications of 370 V or 440 V Single phase electric motors need a capacitor to energize a second-phase winding. If the wrong run capacitor is installed, the motor will not have an even magnetic field, and this will cause the rotor to hesitate at those spots that are uneven.
Start capacitors
Start capacitors briefly increase motor starting torque and allow a motor to be cycled on and off rapidly. Start capacitors have ratings above 70 microfarads (µF), with three major voltage classifications: 125 V, 250 V, and 330 V. A start capacitor stays energized long enough to rapidly bring the motor to 3/4 of full speed and is then taken out of the circuit, such as by a centrifugal switch that releases when rotating at or around that speed.
Dual run capacitors
A dual run capacitor supports 2 electric motors, such as in large air conditioner or heat pump units, with both a fan motor and a compressor motor. The dual capacitor has 3 terminals labeled "C", "FAN", and "HERM" for the common, fan, and hermetic compressor connections.
Round dual run capacitors (shaped as round cylinders) are commonly used for air conditioning, to help in the starting of the compressor and the condenser fan motor. Dual capacitors come in a variety of sizes, depending on microfarads (µF), such as 40 plus 5 µF, and also the voltage. A 440 volt capacitor can be used in place of a 370 volt, but not a 370 in place of a 440 volt. The microfarads must stay the same within 5% of its original value. An oval dual run capacitor could be used instead of a round capacitor, but the mounting strap should be changed to better fit the oval shape.
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Round